Badge-earners have developed an understanding of the 3GPP security mechanisms that are applied within 5G networks. They understand the threats and primary mitigation features, the security strata and architecture - and the role of the various network elements in terms of security. They have built an understanding of NAS and AS (Non-Access, and Access, Stratum) security, AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement), Identity concealment, procedures, and NDS (Network Domain Security).