Individuals understand how basic math concepts apply to on-the-job tasks for plumbers. They can perform mathematical operations using whole numbers, fractions, decimals and squares to read plans, calculate pipe length and lay out fixtures. They are able to implement the following methods to measure pipe: end-to-end, end-to-center, center-to-center, end-to-face, face-to-face and face-to-throat. They know how to determine end-to-end pipe dimensions by figuring fitting allowances and makeup.

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